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Audi A4, S4 Introduction - Controls and receptions of safe operation Controls and devices Information system of the driver (FIS) Unlocking and car lock-out Illumination and review maintenance Seats and niches Heater, ventilation and air conditioner Automatic transmission (АТ) Communication and navigation Universal remote radio management HOME LINK Safety systems Features of operation and auxiliary systems Обкатка Trailer towage In case of emergency Car refuelling Current leaving and service The engine Systems of cooling, heating and the air conditioner Power supply systems, release and decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases Systems of an electric equipment of the engine Manual box of a gear change Automatic transmission Coupling, power shafts and differential Brake system Suspension bracket and steering Body Onboard electric equipment sinotrak тягач |
Features of operation and auxiliary systems Regulation of position of a steering wheel The ignition lock Models with the petrol engine
Ignition is switched off (1) In position (1) ignition is switched off, the engine does not work and the steering wheel can be locked. For steering wheel lock-out take out a key from the lock and turn a wheel before its heard fixing. At покидании the car always lock a steering wheel. It potential stealing of the car is at a loss. Ignition is included (position included for movement) (2) If the key turns hardly or does not turn at all in the given position it is necessary a little turn a steering wheel for antijoy ride device unloading. Start of the engine (3) In the given position навидится the engine. Thus there is a switching of light of headlights on lay fires, and also switching-off of powerful consumers of the electric power. After start of the engine the ignition key comes back in position (2). Before each subsequent start of the engine return the ignition key in position (1). Restart blocking in the ignition lock prevents starter damage, excepting gearing of its gear wheel with a gear wreath of a flywheel at already working engine.
Models with the diesel engine Fuel giving (ignition is switched off) (1) is stopped In position (1) fuel giving is stopped, the engine does not work and the steering wheel can be locked. For steering wheel lock-out take out a key from the lock and turn a wheel before its heard fixing. At покидании the car always lock a steering wheel. It potential stealing of the car is at a loss. Position of inclusion of preheat and position is included for movement (2) In the given position preheat is possible. During preheat of the engine do not include powerful consumers of a current not to overload it is useless the accumulator. If the key turns hardly or does not turn at all in the given position it is necessary a little turn a steering wheel for antijoy ride device unloading. Start of the engine (3) In the given position the engine is got. Thus there is a switching of light of headlights on lay fires, and also switching-off of powerful consumers of the electric power. After start of the engine the ignition key comes back in position (2). Before each subsequent start of the engine return the ignition key in position (1). Restart blocking in the ignition lock prevents starter damage, excepting gearing of its gear wheel with a gear wreath of a flywheel at already working engine. Key blocking in the ignition lock The key from the lock of ignition of model with automatic transmission can be taken only at a finding of the lever of the selector in position P. After deenergizing of ignition the key can be taken from the ignition lock only at a finding of the lever of the selector in position P (lay blocking). After that the selector lever is blocked. Engine start Introduction The engine can be got only original key Audi.
After cold start the engine short time can work with the strengthened noise, the necessary pressure of oil in system of hydroindemnification of a backlash of valves will not be established yet. This normal phenomenon which should not cause alarm. If the engine is not got... Start of the engine from the auxiliary storage battery and Poddomkrachivanie and Introduction towage see.
The petrol engine
At start of the cold or heated-up engine to working temperature do not press a pedal of an accelerator neither before starter inclusion, nor during its work. If the engine was not got at once, after nearby 10 seconds stop attempt of start and repeat it approximately in half-minute. After start of very hot engine it can be necessary slightly, press an accelerator pedal. The diesel engine
Preheat system Diesel engines are equipped by preheat system. Necessary time of preheat is defined by temperature of a cooling liquid and external temperature. In preheat do not include powerful consumers of a current that it is vain not to overload the accumulator. The engine get at once as soon as the control lamp of preheat will go out. At start of the heated-up engine to working temperature, and also at air temperature above 8С the control lamp of system of preheat lights up approximately for one second. It means that the engine can be got at once. If the engine was not got at once, after nearby 10 seconds stop attempt of start and repeat it approximately in half-minute. Start of the engine after a full expenditure of fuel If the full expenditure of a stock of diesel fuel in a tank after refuelling process of start of the engine can longer last usual - about one minute took place. It is connected with necessity of removal of air from fuel system during engine start. Engine deenergizing
Manual brake Completely tightened manual brake obstructs to involuntary traffic of the car. Tightening of a manual brake The manual brake is tightened by lever movement upwards against the stop. Clearing of a manual brake
At movement on rashness with the tightened manual brake buzzer sounding (a sound signal) is distributed and on the display there is an instruction: Handbremse angezogen (will tighten a manual brake) The given prevention appears at movement more than 3 seconds with a speed more than 5 km/h. The prevention dies away right after removals of the car from a manual brake. At the tightened manual brake and the included ignition the control lamp of a manual brake burns.
Parking In order to avoid involuntary movement of the parked car adhere to mentioned below rules.
In addition at parking on liftings and biases So turn a wheel that the car in case of involuntary movement has rested in бордюрный a stone. The acoustic help at a parking The help at a parking behind (the 4-channel device of the help at a parking) The help device at a parking signals about obstacles behind. The description At movement by a backing the 4-channel device by means of ultrasonic sensor controls measures distance to an obstacle. Sensor controls are in a back bumper. Sensor controls start to react at a finding of an obstacle in distance approximately:
Inclusion The help device at a parking joins at inclusion of transfer of a backing. It proves to be true a short sound signal. Movement by a backing The precautionary sound signal at movement by a backing starts to sound at obstacle recognition (the range of distances is resulted above). With reduction of distance to an obstacle time pauses between sound impulses are reduced. At distance less than 0.30 m sound a continuous signal. It means the obligatory termination of movement by a backing. The low obstacles registered by sensor controls can, as approaching them, cease to be fixed by system and there will be no accordingly a precautionary sound signal. Trailer operation On cars with established at factory the manufacturer the tjagovo-drawbar at operation of the trailer and inclusion of transfer of a backing the help device at a parking does not join. Malfunction of the device Sounding within several seconds of a precautionary sound signal at ignition inclusion means malfunction of the device. Presence of malfunction up to ignition deenergizing testifies that the system will not work at repeated attempt of its inclusion. Eliminate malfunction. If the system is faulty, at inclusion of transfer of a backing the confirming sound signal is absent. For maintenance of working capacity of the device of the help at a parking keep sensor controls clean and free from ice.
The 8-channel device of the help at a parking
The description At movement by a back or forward course the 8-channel device by means of ultrasonic sensor controls measures distance to an obstacle. For distance measurement in a forward and back bumper are established on four sensor controls (2 on the centre, 2 on each side). Sensor controls start to react at a finding of an obstacle in distance:
Inclusion The help device at a parking automatically joins at inclusion of transfer of a backing. It proves to be true a short sound signal. The device can be included also manually pressing of a key of the central console Manual inclusion of the device is necessary at car parking forward bumper or at approach to obstacle forward bumper and your desire to take advantage of the device.
Switching-off The help device at a parking is automatically disconnected approximately at speed more than 15 km/h. Besides, the device is disconnected at an engine stop. The help device at a parking can be disconnected also a key
Signal tonality The prevention of the driver of distance to an obstacle is carried out by means of sound signals of forward and back sound gauges. Loudness and height of a sound of signals can be changed.
Movement by a backing The precautionary sound signal at movement by a backing starts to sound at obstacle recognition (the range of distances will be sheltered above). With reduction of distance to an obstacle time pauses between sound impulses are reduced. At distance less than 0.30 m sound a continuous signal. It means the obligatory termination of movement by a backing.
Advance The prevention of distance to an obstacle is carried out the same as at movement by a backing. However obstacle recognition occurs on shorter distance from the car.
Maneuvering Sound signals are temporarily disconnected, if you at maneuvering switch transfer (for example, backing transfer / forward). However as soon as the system will register approach to an obstacle, the warning signal again will begin to sound.
Trailer operation On cars with the tjagovo-drawbar of a factory complete set at operation of the trailer and inclusion of transfer of a backing back sensor controls of the device of the help at a parking do not join, and there is no prevention of approach to an obstacle. Forward sensor controls continue to be in working position and warn about approach to an obstacle a forward bumper.
Malfunction of the device Sounding within several seconds of a continuous sound signal at inclusion of transfer of a backing or inclusion of the device by a key, and also a light-emitting diode blinking in a key testifies to malfunction of system. Presence of malfunction up to ignition deenergizing testifies that at repeated attempt of inclusion of system in a key the light-emitting diode will blink and there will be no acoustic signal. Eliminate malfunction. If the system is faulty, at inclusion of the device of the help at a parking the confirming sound signal is absent. For maintenance of working capacity of the device of the help at a parking keep sensor controls clean and free from ice. Low obstacles caught by sensor controls can, as approaching them, cease to be fixed by system and there will be no accordingly a precautionary sound signal. Also such subjects as protecting chains, дышло the trailer, the thin varnished vertical bars or fencings are not perceived by system under certain circumstances and can lead to car damage. Темпостат
Introduction Темпостат supports the set speed. By means of this system - within the possibilities defined by capacity of the engine/efficiency of braking by the engine, - it is possible to support any set speed, beginning approximately from 30 km/h. Thanks to it it is not required to hold a foot on an accelerator pedal that is especially convenient at distant trips. At device work in a control panel the control lamp burns On cars with a manual box of a gear change at the included system be not switched to neutral transfer without squeezing of a pedal of coupling! Otherwise probably sharp increase in turns of the engine that in certain circumstances is fraught with its breakage! At movement on road with a strong bias темпостат cannot support the set speed. Speed increases thanks to weight of the equipped car. Therefore be in due time switched to a hill-climbing gear or brake a brake pedal.
Programming of speed Current speed is necessary for programming. Controls темпостатом
PERFORMANCE ORDER After отпускания buttons () there is a programming and maintenance of current speed.
Change of the programmed speed The programmed speed can be changed.
Increase in speed PERFORMANCE ORDER
Reduction of speed PERFORMANCE ORDER Speed can be increased over the programmed value pressing of a pedal of an accelerator. After отпускания the system will adjust pedals speed with return to earlier programmed size. It does not concern cases of excess of the programmed speed more than on 10 km/h over 5 minutes. In this case anew program speed.
Short-term pressing of the handle 0 By each short-term pressing of the handle 0 upwards, in a direction (), speed increases approximately by 2 km/h. By each short-term pressing of the handle 0 downwards, in a direction (-), speed decreases approximately on 2 km/h.
Time switching-off of system Time switching-off темпостата occurs in following cases: At time switching-off the programmed speed remains in memory. For reproduction of the programmed speed release a brake or coupling pedal and translate the handle () in position (1). If at the moment of time switching-off the necessary speed has not been programmed, it can be programmed as follows: At movement with the necessary speed press and release the button (B) (SET).
System blackout
During movement PERFORMANCE ORDER
On the motionless car PERFORMANCE ORDER
Electronic противозаносная system (ESP) Switch ESP of the central console ESP raises efficiency of the control over dynamics of movement of the car in not ordinary situations, for example, at dispersal and on turns. ESP reduces at any traffic conditions danger of drift and by that improves stability of the car during movement in all range of speeds. Electronic противозаносной systems are included into structure the device of antiblocking of brakes (ABS), electronic blocking of differential (ESP) and антипробуксовочная system (ASR).
Action principle Along with received at work of these devices as the data, the block of management ESP requires the additional parametres received from high-sensitivity sensor controls. Round its vertical axis, cross-section acceleration, pressure speed of rotation of the car is measured in a hydraulic drive of brakes and turn of forward wheels. By means of turn of operated wheels and speed of the car intention of a direction of movement of the driver which is continuously compared to an actual operating mode of the car is defined. At divergences, for example, the beginning of drift of the car, is automatically braked by device ESP a corresponding wheel.
The device works in a combination with ABS. At failure ABS does not work and ESP.
Deenergizing Device ESP joins automatically at start of the engine and spends self-diagnostics. If necessary device ESP can be disconnected and included key pressing. At the disconnected device control lamp ESP burns, Controls and devices see. Usually device ESP should be always included. Only in certain unusual cases if necessary пробуксовывания it makes sense to disconnect the device, namely: Electronic blocking of differential (EDS) Electronic blocking of differential prevents пробуксовывание a corresponding wheel.
Introduction Under very adverse road conditions electronic blocking of differential (EDS) considerably facilitates or only thanks to it in general there is possible трогание from a place, a dispersal and movement uphill.
Action principle EDS works in an automatic mode, i.e. without participation of the driver. By means of sensor controls ABS the device supervises frequency of rotation of driving wheels. At a divergence of frequency of rotation of driving wheels (about 100 rpm), for example, on slippery not on all width to the road, the revolving wheel is braked, and having the best coupling with wheel road receive the raised force of draught. EDS works at speed approximately no more than 40 km/h (a forward drive) or 80 km/h (a full drive). Regulation process is accompanied by characteristic noise.
Трогание from a place At пробуксовывании wheels, owing to a difference of coupling of driving wheels (for example, one wheel on ice), press an accelerator pedal while the car will not get under way from a place.
Heating of the brake mechanism EDS for short time it is disconnected, that the disk brake of a braking wheel has not overheated at extraordinary high loading. Thus the car is ready for operation and has the same dynamic properties, as the car without EDS. EDS automatically joins again right after coolings of the brake mechanism. Fire of control lamp ABS can mean also malfunction EDS. Antiprobuksovochnaja system (ASR) Prevents пробуксовывание driving wheels at car dispersal.
Introduction The antiprobuksovochnaja system (ASR) is a part electronic противозаносной systems (ESP). Under adverse road conditions антипробуксовочная the system (ASR) considerably facilitates or only thanks to it in general there is possible трогание from a place, a dispersal and movement uphill.
Action principle ASR works in an automatic mode, i.e. without participation of the driver. By means of sensor controls ABS the device supervises frequency of rotation of driving wheels. At пробуксовывании wheels there is a decrease in turns of the engine and by that the traction effort is brought with road conditions into accord. The device works in all range of speeds. ASR works together with ABS. At malfunction ABS will not work and ASR. Condition of trouble-free work ASR. Installation of the same tyres on all four wheels of the car is. Unequal tyres can lead to undesirable decrease in capacity of the engine. Braking
Introduction Factors negatively influencing brake effect.
Deterioration Wear process of overlays brake pads is appreciably defined by service conditions and a manner of driving of the car. Deterioration is considerably accelerated at frequent movement in city conditions and on small distances or at a sports manner of driving.
Crude weather or road salt In certain situations, for example, after journey on water, at a strong rain or after a sink of the car, the brake effect can be late because of humidifying, and in the winter even to come the icing of brake overlays or disks. In this case dry brakes притормаживанием. Delay of brake effect probably also after a long break in using brakes at movement on the roads, strewed by salt. First of all remove подтормаживанием a salt layer on brake disks and overlays.
Corrosion Occurrence of corrosion of brake disks and pollution of overlays are promoted by long idle standing of the car, insignificant run and low loadings of brake system. At low loading of brake system, and also at corrosion occurrence it is recommended to clean brake disks and overlays strong enough repeated braking on average speed of the car.
Malfunction of brake system The sudden increase in a course of a brake pedal can speak refusal of one of contours of two-planimetric brake system. Move slowly to repair, and on road remember increase in effort at a pedal of a brake and increase in a brake way.
Low level of a brake liquid At falling of level of a brake liquid there can be malfunctions of brake system. Level of a brake liquid is supervised by electronics. Never brake easy pressing a brake pedal if in it really there is no necessity. It conducts to an overheat of brakes and by that to increase in a brake way and the raised deterioration. At long movement under a bias lower preliminary speed, include the following hill-climbing gear (a manual transmission) or the lowered range (automatic transmission). Thereby the brake effect of the engine is used and loading of brake system decreases. Brake in case of need with intervals, instead of it is continuous. In case of additional installation of a forward spoiler or full-size caps of wheels make sure that given or any other components will not interfere with air intake to forward wheels. Otherwise the overheat of brake system is possible. *
The vacuum amplifier of brakes The amplifier increases pressure by pressing of a pedal of a brake. The amplifier operates only at the working engine. When the amplifier does not work, for example, because of its damage or necessity of towage of the car the effort to a brake pedal should be much more usual.
The device of antiblocking of brakes (ABS) ABS prevents blocking of wheels at braking. The device of antiblocking of brake system (ABS) appreciably promotes increase of active safety of the car. Decided advantage of brake system with ABS in comparison with the usual consists that wheels are not blocked even at emergency braking on slippery road. Thanks to it in the maximum degree controllability and stability of the car remains. It is impossible to count, however, that thanking ABS a brake way will be less under any circumstances. At movement on gravel or свежевыпавшему to the snow lying over slippery road when and without that it is necessary to move extremely cautiously and with the minimum speed, the brake way can even increase slightly.
Principle of action ABS At achievement of speed of the car about 6 km/h there is an automatic process of the control. At this time it it is possible to hear noise of work of the pump. At propensity of a wheel to blocking pressure in a brake drive of the given wheel decreases. The given process of regulation is appreciable by a pulsation of a brake pedal and accompanied by characteristic noise displays. Thereby to the driver the warning signal about work of one or several wheels in a mode close to юзу is specially given. For maintenance in this mode of optimum effect of regulation by means of ABS keep a pedal of a brake pressed and do not brake at all in some качков! About malfunction ABS the control lamp signals, Controls and devices see.
The amplifier of emergency braking The amplifier of emergency braking promotes increase in brake force. The amplifier of emergency braking helps increase in brake force and thus promotes reduction of a brake way. By very fast pressing of a pedal of a brake the amplifier of emergency braking automatically leads up brake force to blocking border (the beginning of action ABS). Keep a pedal of a brake of the pressed. Right after отпускания pedals the amplifier of emergency braking is automatically disconnected. In default ABS the amplifier of emergency braking does not work.
The wheel hydraulic booster The amplifier facilitates driving. As a result for driving the driver needs to put only small effort. The amplifier operates only at the working engine. If the engine does not work, it is necessary to put much bigger effort to a steering wheel. Each full turn of wheels of the motionless car with working engine is the big loading for the amplifier and is accompanied by noise. Besides, thus for short time frequency of rotation decreases at idling. Steering wheel turn against the stop at the working engine should not proceed more than 15 seconds. Amplifier damage is possible! At refusal of the amplifier or at movement with the idle engine (towage) controllability the car completely remains. However it is necessary to put to a steering wheel большее effort. The hydrosystem of the amplifier of a wheel is filled with a special liquid for hydrosystems. The refuelling tank is in the left part подкапотного spaces, Current leaving and service see the Head. Maintenance of normal level of a liquid in the refuelling tank has great value for non-failure operation of the hydraulic booster of a wheel. Level is checked within the limits of inspection maintenance service. System "Servotronic" The electronic regulator of system operates the amplifier of the steering mechanism. On cars with system "Servotronic" the electronic regulator operates work of the hydraulic booster of a wheel depending on speed of movement. At system refusal сервотроник working capacity of the hydraulic booster of a wheel remains. However efficiency of strengthening is not regulated any more according to speed of movement. Refusal of an electronic regulator is most obviously distinguished on unusual increase in effort at a steering wheel at maneuvering (i.e. on small speed). Full drive The drive of the all-wheel drive car is carried out on all four wheels.
Introduction The full drive of your car works completely in an automatic mode. The twisting moment is distributed on all 4 wheels automatically in optimum conformity with dynamics of movement of the car and concrete road conditions. On all-wheel drive models engines большей capacities that defines extraordinary efficiency and excellent road performance as under normal conditions проезжей parts, and in extreme conditions, during snow or ice are established. For this reason it is necessary to observe safety rules necessarily. Winter tyres All-wheel drive cars even with serial tyres in winter conditions have good tjagovo-dynamic qualities. Despite it, it is recommended to establish on all 4 wheels of the tyre with winter drawing of a protector or the tyres intended for any weather in the winter. Thanks to it efficiency of braking first of all improves. Chains противоскольжения The rules ordering obligatory using by chains противоскольжения, extend as well on all-wheel drive cars. Replacement of tyres On wheels of all-wheel drive cars it is necessary to establish the same tyres, Specifications see. You Audi is not the car of the raised passableness. The road gleam is for this purpose too small. Therefore avoid movement on dirt roads. The Katalitichesky converter Never develop fuel to an empty tank. Infringement of giving of fuel can lead to faults in ignition. Because of it not burnt down fuel gets to system of release of the fulfilled gases. It can lead to an overheat and damage catalytic the converter. If the car was maintained in the country in which is absent неэтилированное fuel at its import in the country with obligatory presence catalytic the converter necessarily replace каталитический the converter. Even disposable refuelling этилированным gasoline conducts to deterioration of effect of work catalytic the converter. If during car movement there will be faults in ignition, falling of capacity and deterioration of uniformity of rotation of the engine malfunction in ignition system can be the reason for that. In this case not burnt down fuel can get to system of release of the fulfilled gases, and therefrom in atmosphere. Besides, каталитический the converter can fail from an overheat. At once lower speed and check up the car. Also at trouble-free work catalytic the converter, in certain power setting, in the fulfilled gases the sulphur smell can be felt. It depends on the sulphur maintenance in fuel. Refuelling on other gaz station or refuelling неэтилированным fuel with octaneым number 98 or 95 in this case can help. Departure on the car abroad
Neetilirovannyj gasoline In other countries it can not appear unleaded fuel. In advance make sure available unleaded gasoline along the line. Cars with catalytic the converter fill only неэтилированным with fuel.
Headlights At movement on roads of the countries with link sided movement the dissymetric passing light of headlights will blind drivers of counter transport.
Headlights (standard execution) In order to avoid blinding stick with a lightproof sticky tape corresponding zones рассеивателей headlights.
Headlights with gas-discharge lamps (the xenon light) * In order to avoid blinding of drivers of counter transport readjustment of headlights is necessary. The dissymetric passing light of your headlights shines a roadside on a strip of your movement more brightly. At movement on roads of the countries with link sided movement you will blind drivers of counter transport. How to avoid car damages?
It especially concerns cars with lower arrangement of a running gear (a sports running gear) and at a car total load. Economically and ecologically optimum driving
Introduction The personal manner of driving is the important factor. The fuel expense, loading on environment, deterioration of the engine, brakes and tyres depend basically on three factors: Based on ability to expect and an economic manner of driving give the chance to reduce to 10-15 percent the fuel expense with little effort.
Be able to expect a situation on road Avoid useless dispersals and braking. The greatest quantity of fuel spends the car at dispersal. Whenever possible move накатом, for example, if on a following traffic light burns red свет.*
Power saving up gear change Earlier switching on the raised transfers saves fuel.
Manual box of a gear change Movement on the first transfer should make distance, about corresponding to length of the car. To the following raised transfer be switched at turns 2000 in a minute.
Automatic transmission Press on an accelerator pedal smoothly. Do not squeeze out a pedal against the stop (position Kick-down). Effective way of economy of fuel is early switching on the raised transfers.
Avoid dispersal with completely squeezed out pedal of an accelerator Moderate speed protects fuel. The fuel expense in l/100 of km and speed in km/h Speed should be much less maximum. In process of escalating of speed there is a superproportional increase in the expense of the fuel, harmful emissions and noise level. On an illustration the parity of the expense of fuel and speed in the top range of speeds is shown. Movement of your car with a speed only three quarters from maximum twice reduces the fuel expense.
Reduce duration of work on idling On idling fuel also is spent. It is expedient to suppress the engine in a transport stopper, at railway crossings and on traffic lights with long cycles of inclusion of red light. Engine deenergizing for 30-40 seconds saves more fuel, than it it is required for the subsequent start of the engine. Engine warming up idling takes away a lot of time. And at a warming up stage intensity of deterioration of the engine and level of toxicity of emissions are especially high. Therefore, as soon as the engine was got, at once begin movement, avoiding thus raised turns.
Regular maintenance service Badly adjusted engine spends more fuel. Pass regularly maintenance service.
At car refuelling check also oil level. The oil expense in many respects depends on loading and engine turns. The expense of oil depending on a driving manner can make to 0.5л/1000км. The oil expense in an essential measure depends on loading and number of turns of the engine. Normally, if the oil expense is established by the new engine on the minimum level only after work during certain time. Therefore authentically to judge the oil expense it is possible only after run of the first 5000 km. Use of oils with the improved antifrictional properties also gives the chance to additional economy of fuel.
Avoid trips on short distances Movement on short distances means unfairly big expense of fuel.
The fuel expense (km l/100) at movement on identical distance (km) at temperature 20С and-10S. In the winter the car always spends more fuel, than in the summer. After start of the cold engine avoid movement on distance less than 4 km. For effective decrease in the expense of fuel and issue of harmful substances the optimum working temperature of the engine and catalytic the converter is required. The cold engine of the car of middle class spends right after start about 30-40 litres of fuel for 100 km. Approximately through one kilometre the expense decreases to 20 litres for 100 km. Only approximately through four kilometres the engine reaches working temperature and the expense is normalised. Proceeding from it it is necessary to avoid by all means trips on short distances. The powerful factor thereupon is also the surrounding temperature.
Check pressure of air in tyres Standard pressure in tyres saves fuel. Always watch on standard pressure of air in tyres. Pressure decrease only on 0.5 атм. Raises the expense of fuel to 5 percent. Besides, pressure drop below norm conducts owing to resistance increase качению to the accelerated deterioration of tyres. Dynamic properties of the car simultaneously worsen. Pressure of air check always on cold tyres. Do not use all year long winter tyres since they more шумны and raise the fuel expense to 10 percent.
Do not carry a useless ballast Ballast transportation means the fuel expense. Do not carry a useless ballast. Each additional kg increases the fuel expense. Therefore it is recommended to a thicket to look in a luggage carrier not to carry a useless ballast. Often with a view of convenience the luggage carrier on a roof though in it there is no necessity does not act in film. As a result of the increased aerodynamic resistance your car with not loaded luggage carrier on a roof, at speed of 100-120 km/h, spends already approximately for 12 percent of fuel more.
Save the electric power The more in the car it is included electric power consumers, the more strongly loading on the generator and the is more fuel expense.
The control of the expense of fuel For the control of the expense of fuel get a diary. You can reveal in due time changes (positive and negative) and if necessary to take corresponding measures. At detection of too big expense of fuel it is necessary to consider, as where and under what conditions you went after last refuelling of the car.
Ecological properties of the car
Constructive measures on industrial processing Design of connections coming easy dismantle. The simplified dismantle thanks to a modular principle of assemblage. The improved cleanliness of grades of applied materials. Marks of all крупноразмерных plastic details according to recommendation VDA 260 (Association of motor industry of Germany).
Application of materials Application of reusable materials is much more effective. Refusal of application фторхлористых hydrocarbons for a conditioner coolant. Application in knots of the same plastic. Application of the processed materials. Refusal of cadmium application. Refusal of asbestos application. Reduction of allocation of flying substances of synthetic materials.
Manufacturing Application of the processed materials at manufacturing of synthetic details. Refusal of application of solvents at preservation of cavities of a body. Car preservation before shipment without application of solvents. Application of the thermofusible glue which is not containing solvents. Refusal of application фторхлористых hydrocarbons at car manufacturing. Much more effective application of residual materials for manufacture of energy and auxiliary building materials. Reduction of volume of sewage. Use теплорегенерационных installations. Use of water-soluble varnishes. |
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